Inflammation is the body's protective response to irritants, germs, and damaged cells. When tissues are injured or infected, the immune system releases white blood cells and chemical mediators that make blood vessels leaky. This allows immune cells to quickly arrive at the site of infection or injury.
Inflammation serves an important purpose - it helps the body heal after harm. However, chronic inflammation can cause tissue damage over time and is linked to conditions like heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, and even cancer.
Acute inflammation is the initial short-term immune response. Signs include redness, swelling, heat, and pain which subside after healing occurs. Chronic inflammation persists over longer periods of time, resulting in simultaneous destruction and healing of tissues.
What causes inflammation?
Inflammation can be triggered by:
What are the key mediators of inflammation?
Cytokines are signaling proteins released by immune cells to communicate and coordinate the inflammatory response. Key cytokines include interleukins, interferons, tumour necrosis factors (TNF), and growth factors. They regulate processes like cell growth, tissue repair, immunity, and more.
Eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid in cell membranes. They control vasodilation, permeability, cell migration to inflamed sites, and pain. Histamine leads to itching and vasodilation. Bradykinin also dilates blood vessels and enhances pain signaling.
How is inflammation treated?
Treatment depends on the cause but may include:
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I hope this gives you a helpful overview on inflammation - the body's double-edged defense against harm. While acute inflammation assists healing, unchecked chronic inflammation can quietly damage health. Seeking proper treatment is key to resolving the root issues and mitigating collateral damage over time.